The Temporomandibular Joint (Jaw) & Pain
What is Temporomandibular Joint Disorders?
TMJ Disorders Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), jaw muscles, and surrounding structures. It is a very common chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder in adulthood, but children can also experience jaw pain.
TMD is characterised by pain in the jaw, face, and neck, often accompanied by headaches, earaches, and clicking, popping, or crackling sounds in the joint. In some cases, mandibular function is impaired, making everyday activities like chewing and speaking challenging. TMD can range from acute (short-term) to chronic (lasting three months or longer).
What causes Temporomandibular Joint Disorders?
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have a complex and multifactorial origin, meaning they can arise from various causes. Factors that can contribute to the development of TMD include:
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Muscle Tension and Stress: High levels of stress can lead to jaw clenching or teeth grinding (bruxism), which places excessive pressure on the TMJ and surrounding muscles, contributing to TMD.
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Jaw Injuries: Trauma to the jaw, head, or neck, such as a blow or whiplash, can damage the TMJ or surrounding muscles, leading to TMD.
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Arthritis: Inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function.
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Structural Abnormalities: Misalignment of the jaw or teeth, or an uneven bite, can place strain on the TMJ, resulting in TMD.
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Degenerative Joint Changes: Over time, the TMJ may undergo degenerative changes, similar to other joints in the body, leading to pain and dysfunction.
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Habitual Behaviours: Repetitive motions, such as excessive gum chewing or nail-biting, can overwork the jaw muscles and strain the TMJ, increasing the risk of TMD.
Treatment and Management
Research supports conservative treatment as the first line of care for managing TMD. Our chiropractors may use treatment approaches such as stretches, exercises, manual trigger point therapy, jaw relaxation techniques, dry needling, neck mobilisation, adjustments, pain education, exercises, lifestyle advice and postural training.
This is in alignment with international best-evidence guidelines for TMD care.
We’re here to help you proactively address the root causes of your TMD symptoms, aiming to avoid invasive procedures and enhance your overall quality of life.